Lab Manager | Run Your Lab Like a Business

News

Influenza Virus Concept

New Treatment Reduces Spread of Influenza Virus, Study Shows

Recent research tested whether baloxavir could prevent the spread of influenza virus in an animal model in conditions that mimicked household settings

by University of Melbourne
Register for free to listen to this article
Listen with Speechify
0:00
5:00

The antiviral drug, baloxavir (tradename Xofluza), is the first treatment for influenza with a new mode of "action" to be licensed in nearly 20 years. It was approved in Australia in February 2020 by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) and has been used to treat influenza in Japan, the US, and several other countries since 2018.

Researchers at the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute—a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital) and Imperial College London tested whether baloxavir could prevent the spread of influenza virus in an animal model in conditions that mimicked household settings, including direct and indirect contact. They also compared the treatment to oseltamivir (tradename Tamiflu), a widely prescribed influenza antiviral.

Get training in Biosafety and Biosecurity and earn CEUs.One of over 25 IACET-accredited courses in the Academy.
Biosafety and Biosecurity Course

Published Apr. 15 in PLoS Pathogens is a detailed report of the study, which was conducted in ferrets—considered the gold standard animal model for evaluating influenza—detailing how baloxavir reduced the transmission of influenza across all settings, and did so immediately. Conversely, oseltamivir did not reduce the transmission of influenza to other ferrets.

First author Leo Yi Yang Lee, a medical scientist at the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, believes the results are an important breakthrough in our understanding of managing the influenza virus.


Related Article: These Less Common Proteins May Help Fend off the Flu


"Our research provides evidence that baloxavir can have a dramatic dual effect: a single dose reduces the length of influenza illness, while simultaneously reducing the chance of passing it on to others," Lee said. "This is very important, because current antiviral drugs only treat influenza illness in the infected patient. If you want to reduce the spread of influenza to others, people in close contact need to take antiviral drugs themselves to stave off infection."

Senior author and professor Wendy Barclay, head of the Department of Infectious Disease at Imperial College London, said if the results of the study were replicated in humans, the discovery could be a gamechanger in stemming outbreaks of influenza, particularly among vulnerable groups.

"We know that influenza can have serious and devastating outcomes for people with compromised immune systems, such as those in care facilities and hospitals, where finding more ways to reduce transmission is essential," Barclay said.

A first-of-its-kind clinical trial is currently underway to test the effectiveness of baloxavir in reducing transmission among human household contacts by treating individuals infected with influenza and monitoring for infection in household members.

"If further trials prove successful, baloxavir could dramatically change how we manage seasonal influenza outbreaks and pandemic influenza in the future," Barclay said.

- This press release was originally published on the Doherty Institute website