Understanding Who Commits Which Crimes
New study examines what preferences can help predict who will commit a crime
Why do some young men turn to crime, while others don’t? An international study shows that preferences such as risk tolerance, impatience, and altruism as well as self-control can predict who will commit crime. Risk-tolerant, impatient young men are more likely to commit property crime, while people with low self-control tend to commit violent, drug, and sexual offenses.
According to economic theory, risk-tolerant, impatient, and selfish people with a low level of education are more likely to commit crime than people who are highly educated, risk averse, patient, and selfless. However, confirming this hypothesis with scientific methods isn’t that easy. The education levels and socioeconomic factors of convicted criminals can be compared with those of the general population relatively easily. But assessing people’s risk tolerance, patience, and altruism is much more difficult.
Education main indicator for delinquency
An international team of economists has now published a study that links data on risk, time, and social preferences of young men to factors such as education, income, self-control, and criminal records. The findings confirm that education is the strongest indicator for determining whether young men will commit crime. Risk tolerance and impatience also significantly predict criminal behavior. Both preferences continue to play a role even if further factors such as income, area of residence, birth order, socio-economic, or immigrant status are taken into account. The crime propensities of the most risk-tolerant people are 8 to 10 percentage points higher compared to the most risk-averse.
Preferences can predict type of crime
“The role that risk tolerance and patience play when it comes to crime propensity needs to be taken into account for crime prevention strategies,” says University of Zurich (UZH) professor and study coauthor Ernst Fehr. “The people who are most prone to commit crimes are also those who are least responsive to stricter sanctions.”
The preferences also predict which types of crime are most likely to be committed. For example, high levels of risk tolerance and impatience are significantly linked to property crimes such as theft, while low self-control strongly predicts violent, drug, and sexual offenses.
Survey experiment among 5,400 young Danes
The study involved a behavioral experiment among 5,400 young Danish men aged between 15 and 20 in which they could earn the equivalent of between CHF 30 and 50. The participants had to complete a series of decision tasks, which were used to determine their risk, time, and social preferences. Risk preferences indicate whether a person is more likely to choose a small but certain amount of money or go for a larger, uncertain sum. Time preferences measure a person’s patience and describe their willingness to forgo a smaller payout today in favor of a larger sum at a later time. Social preferences indicate how envious or altruistic an individual is. The survey also included a question about the participants’ self-assessed capacity to exercise self-control.
- This press release was originally published on the University of Zurich website