Addressing the
Global Challenge of
PFAS Contamination
Contents
Introduction: Unraveling the Complexity of PFAS in Our Environment 3
Global PFAS Regulations and Compliance 6
Waters Commitment to PFAS Analysis 13
Sample Preparation Solutions for PFAS Analysis 16
Optimized LC-MS/MS Solutions for PFAS Analysis:
Addressing Key Challenges for Laboratories 22
Advanced HRMS Solutions for Comprehensive PFAS Analysis 27
Streamline Your Laboratory Operations with Waters’ Services and Support 32
Waters | ERA: Elevating PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and Quality Control 35
Case Study: Enhancing PFAS Testing at
SGS INSTITUT FRESENIUS with Waters Technology 38
Leading the Charge Against PFAS Contamination 41
INTRODUCTION
Unraveling the
Complexity of
PFAS in Our
Environment
Commonly found in a wide array of products, from non-stick
pans to firefighting foams, PFAS are valued for their resistance
to heat, water, and oil. However, these same properties
contribute to their stability in the environment, making them
resistant to natural degradation processes and allowing them
to accumulate in the food chain. The widespread presence of
PFAS has raised global concerns, as these substances have
been linked to various health issues including liver damage,
immune system dysfunction, and cancer.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS), formerly
called perfluorinated
compounds (PFCs),
are a class of synthetic
chemicals that pose
significant environmental
and health challenges due
to their persistence and
bioaccumulation.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
4
Given the complexities associated with PFAS analysis, there
is a need for robust, precise, and scalable solutions that
can support ongoing monitoring and research initiatives.
Detecting and managing PFAS effectively requires
sophisticated analytical tools capable of identifying these
compounds at very low concentrations across various
environmental matrices. Technologies such as Liquid
Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/
MS) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) can
be essential for assessing PFAS contamination accurately.
These advanced methods offer the sensitivity and selectivity
necessary for tracing PFAS in complex samples, making
them invaluable for both environmental monitoring and
regulatory compliance.
Strengthen Your Analytical Game
Plan with Waters Corporation
In this eBook, we delve into how advanced LC-MS/MS and
HRMS technologies are helping scientists and regulators
worldwide to tackle PFAS challenges head-on. From sample
preparation to data analysis, Waters Corporation stands
ready to advance public health and environmental safety
by providing the tools needed to measure, manage, and
mitigate the impact of PFAS.
Join us as we explore the cutting-edge solutions that make
Waters Corporation a leader in PFAS analysis, driving
scientific progress and regulatory compliance.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
5
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
The rising concern for human exposure and the associated
health effects, along with the accumulation of PFAS in the
environment has led to the tightening of restrictions for
the manufacture, import, sale, and use of PFAS. A growing
number of regulations exist in many countries that place limits
on the presence of selected PFAS compounds in various
products and materials, including food, water, and consumer
products. In addition, some primary PFAS manufacturers
have started withdrawing from the marketplace and retail
chains have committed to eliminating or reducing PFAS in
food packaging, textiles and/or other products. This chapter
will explore the regulatory landscape of PFAS and address
the two categories of regulations for a variety of geographic
locations. PFAS are controlled by production, use, sale, and
trade regulations as well as water and food safety regulations.
Evolving Regulations and Industry
Responses to PFAS Concerns
There is a growing international effort to manage PFAS
use by balancing environmental health with practical
and economic considerations.
■ Global Actions: Countries are moving to phase out the
production and use of PFAS due to environmental and
health concerns.
■ International Agreements: Many nations have joined
the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm Conventions to
limit PFAS use.
■ Challenges: Immediate bans are difficult due to the
absence of alternatives and potential economic impacts.
■ EU Measures: The EU has seen proposals to ban PFAS
in non-essential uses under REACH regulations.
■ US Federal and State Regulations: The EPA’s PFAS
Strategic Roadmap guides federal action, while states
like Maine, Minnesota, and Washington have more
aggressive bans.
■ China’s Stance: As a significant PFAS producer, China
is beginning to implement more stringent regulations
on these chemicals.
■ Variability: While some countries have strict regulations,
including prohibitions in consumer goods, others have
less stringent or poorly enforced PFAS regulations.
Stay Up to Date with
Regulatory Changes
Worldwide
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
7
PFAS in Drinking Water
Efforts to regulate PFAS in drinking water often reflect
a compromise between health concerns and practical
measurement capabilities.
■ Ingestion Focus: Control of PFAS in drinking water is
prioritized due to the primary exposure pathway being
ingestion.
■ International Limits: Regulatory limits for PFAS in
drinking water vary internationally, with most countries
regulating each PFAS chemical individually.
■ EU Approach: The EU regulates PFAS as a class, setting
a standard based on total PFAS concentration, although
enforceability is challenged by the lack of a standardized
methodology for measuring total PFAS.
■ EU Directive: Directive (EU) 2020/2184 controls PFAS
in drinking water, setting a parametric value of 100 ng/L
for 20 individual PFAS and 500 ng/L for total PFAS, with
member states needing to comply by January 2026.
■ US Standards: The EPA’s National Primary Drinking
Water Regulation (NPDWR) sets enforceable Maximum
Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for several PFAS compounds,
with public water systems required to monitor and act if
levels exceed these limits by 2029.
■ Others: Health Canada proposes a 30 ng/L limit for all
PFAS, Japan has a provisional 50 ng/L limit for the sum
of PFOS and PFOA, while England and Wales have a
guidance of 100 ng/L for any PFAS in final water.
PFAS in Surface Waters
and Groundwater
The following reflects the EU’s comprehensive approach to
safeguarding the environment from the harmful effects of
PFAS, with ongoing efforts to enhance regulatory measures.
■ Regulatory Focus: Few countries have regulations
for PFAS in non-portable water, which is crucial for
environmental protection.
■ EU Legislation: The EU’s Water Framework Directive and
its daughter directives aim to protect water bodies from
pollutants, including PFAS.
■ Current EU Standards: Presently, only PFOS is listed as
a priority pollutant with stringent Environmental Quality
Standards (EQS) for water and biota.
■ Proposed Changes in EU: An amendment is under
consideration to expand the list of PFAS classified as
priority pollutants and to assess ecotoxicological risks
based on a sum of 24 PFAS, using PFOA-equivalents.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
8
PFAS in Food
Key points regarding the regulation and monitoring
of PFAS in foods and food packaging in different parts
of the world are listed here. ■ Europe: The only region with enforceable limits for
PFAS in food, specifically in animal-derived foods,
as per EU regulations.
■ EU: Maximum levels have been set for four priority PFAS
compounds, which, if exceeded, require the removal of the
food product from the market. Member States are advised
to collect data on a broader range of PFAS and foods to
monitor contamination levels. A provisional agreement
is in place to ban PFAS in food packaging, and Denmark
has already implemented such a ban since July 1, 2020.
■ Switzerland: Aligns with EU regulations on PFAS levels
in certain foods.
■ UK: Currently has no specific PFAS restrictions in food
or food contact materials.
■ Others: Some countries, like Australia and New Zealand,
have non-regulatory ‘trigger points’ to guide further
investigation if PFAS are detected in food.
■ US: The US FDA announced a voluntary phase-out
of PFAS in food packaging by manufacturers starting
February 28, 2024.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
9
Regulating PFAS in chemical materials is critical due to their widespread use and potential
environmental and health hazards. This chapter explores how various regions address the
regulation of PFAS in chemical products, focusing on compliance and safety measures across
global markets.
Balancing Industrial and Environmental Needs
Efforts to manage PFAS in chemical materials must strike a balance between industrial
requirements and environmental health concerns, involving specific limits for PFAS to ensure
product safety. Different industries encounter unique regulations tailored to the distinct risks
associated with various product types. There is significant international variation in PFAS regulation,
with some countries focusing on individual chemicals and others adopting broader frameworks.
US and APAC/Greater China Regulations
■ United States: The US regulates PFAS primarily through the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Recent legislative updates have
mandated stricter PFAS evaluations and limits. The EPA’s PFAS Strategic Roadmap outlines
steps for reducing environmental contamination, including enforceable Maximum Contaminant
Levels (MCLs) for specific PFAS compounds in consumer products.
■ APAC/Greater China:
China: PFAS regulation is part of China’s broader environmental protection efforts. China
regulates PFAS under its Environmental Protection Law and includes them in its priority
pollutants list, requiring pollution controls and promoting safer alternatives.
Japan and South Korea: Both countries regulate PFAS through comprehensive chemical
management laws—Japan under the Chemical Substances Control Law and South Korea under
K-REACH. These regulations enforce strict PFAS monitoring and control measures, particularly
concerning water pollution and product safety.
Regulation of PFAS in Chemical Materials
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
10
EU Regulations: Comprehensive Measures
for PFAS Control
The EU’s approach to PFAS in chemical materials involves comprehensive restrictions
under the Stockholm Convention, which prioritizes over REACH for certain substances:
■ Stockholm Convention on POPs: Under the Stockholm Convention, PFAS such as
PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS have been moved to Annexes A and B, signifying their status
as substances that are banned from manufacture, use, and international trade except
under specific, controlled circumstances. This supersedes previous regulations under
REACH for these substances.
Regulation Limits for PFAS Under Stockholm Convention
Here are the current regulation limits under the Stockholm Convention for PFAS classified
in Annexes A and B:
Compound Regulation Limit
PFOS, its salts and related substances Below 25 ppb for PFOS and its salts; 1000 ppb
for sum of related substances
PFOA, its salts and related substances Below 25 ppb for PFOA and its salts; 1000 ppb
for sum of related substances
PFHxS, its salts and related substances Below 25 ppb for PFHxS and its salts; 1000 ppb
for sum of related substances
These stringent limits are part of a broader effort to mitigate the environmental and health
impacts of these persistent chemicals.
Global Impact and Industry Adaptation:
■ Compliance Requirements: Industries worldwide must adapt to these stringent standards,
requiring rigorous testing and documentation for PFAS content in products.
■ Impact on Global Trade: These regulations affect not only the EU market but also have
far-reaching implications for international trade, as global manufacturers must comply with
these standards to maintain access to the EU market.
Regulating PFAS in chemical materials involves a complex interplay of health, environmental,
and industrial factors. By setting and enforcing stringent PFAS limits under the Stockholm
Convention, regulatory bodies aim to minimize the adverse effects of these chemicals on
human health and the environment, fostering safer use and disposal practices across industries.
This chapter underscores the importance of continued vigilance and adaptation in regulatory
strategies to effectively manage the challenges posed by PFAS in chemical materials.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
11
“Waters is committed to unlocking
the potential of science to improve
the world.”
Waters
Commitment to
PFAS Analysis
Waters Corporation’s
Pioneering Role in
PFAS Analysis
Waters Corporation has long recognized the critical
need for sophisticated analytical approaches to
PFAS detection. Leveraging years of experience and
substantial investments in research and development,
Waters has developed a state-of-the-art solution for
PFAS analysis, encompassing every step from sample
preparation to data processing and proficiency testing.
Our commitment is reflected in our comprehensive
suite of tools designed for accurate PFAS detection
and quantification across various matrices including
drinking water, groundwater, soil, and food.
Read Waters first PFCs application note from 2006
published in collaboration with Örebro University,
Sweden: Analysis of Perfluorinated compounds
(PFCs) on the ACQUITY™ UPLC™ System & the
Quattro Premier XE IN ES-MS/MS
Advanced Analytical Tools
and Customer Support
At the heart of our PFAS analysis solution is the advanced
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS) technology. LC-MS/MS is renowned for its
high sensitivity and selectivity, which are crucial for
accurately analyzing samples with low PFAS concentrations.
This capability ensures that our instruments can deliver
reliable and precise measurements, crucial for meeting
regulatory compliance and safeguarding public health.
Waters Corporation’s LC-MS/MS systems are not only
designed for performance but also for efficiency, enabling
high-throughput analysis that saves time and enhances
productivity. This efficiency is vital for laboratories tasked
with processing large volumes of samples under tight
regulatory deadlines.
waters_connect™ for
Quantitation Software.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
14
Ensuring Compliance and Supporting
Public Health
Our commitment extends beyond providing advanced
analytical instruments. Waters Corporation offers end-to-end
support to our customers through the entire testing process—
from initial sample collection to the final steps of data analysis.
Our team of experts works closely with laboratories to ensure
that every phase of the testing process is aligned with current
regulatory standards, thereby delivering results that are both
accurate and legally defensible. Read more about our
Analytical Professional Services Online here.
This comprehensive support helps laboratories not just to
meet but to exceed regulatory requirements for PFAS testing,
ensuring that all data generated is robust and reliable.
By doing so, Waters Corporation plays a pivotal role in
supporting the development of policies and regulations that
effectively manage and control PFAS contamination.
Waters Corporation: A Trusted Partner
in PFAS Analysis
Waters Corporation stands at the forefront of PFAS analysis,
offering powerful and reliable LC-MS/MS solutions that
ensure low limits of detection and high confidence in results.
With our advanced technology, comprehensive support, and
commitment to innovation, Waters Corporation is the ideal
partner for laboratories worldwide, helping them navigate
the complexities of PFAS testing and compliance, while
contributing to the broader goal of enhancing human health
and environmental safety.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
15
Sample Preparation
Solutions for PFAS
Analysis
Minimizing Contamination
Understanding and mitigating sources of contamination
is crucial in PFAS analysis due to the widespread use
of PFAS in various products and laboratory supplies.
To prevent contamination:
■ Containers: Use high-density polyethylene (HDPE)
containers pre-washed with methanol for sample
collection.
■ Avoid Contaminative Materials: Steer clear of items
such as aluminum foil, glass transfer pipettes, glass
autosampler vials, vial caps with Teflon® seals, and
low-retention pipette tips.
■ Recommended Consumables: Utilize polypropylene
vials with polyethylene caps for sample analysis
to minimize background contamination. Test each
consumable for PFAS background levels prior to use.
■ Solvents and Water: Be vigilant about the potential
PFAS contamination in LC-MS grade solvents and
water purification systems. Testing these for PFAS
before use is advised.
Sample preparation is a critical initial step in the analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), setting the stage
for accurate detection and quantification. This section outlines the essential procedures and technologies used to minimize
contamination and ensure the integrity of PFAS testing across various matrices.
Implementing LC-MS/MS Systems
with a Waters PFAS Installation Kit
To combat contamination from the analytical equipment
itself, employing a PFAS Installation Kit is critical:
■ PEEK Solvent Tubing: Replace Teflon-coated tubing
with PEEK tubing to eliminate PFAS leaching from
mobile phase and wash lines.
■ Isolator Column: Install a 50 mm column, included in
the kit, after the solvent mixer and before the analytical
column to delay any potential system contaminants
from co-eluting with PFAS analytes.
■ Stainless Steel Coil and 50 µL Extension Loop:
A stainless steel (SS) coil installed between the
solvent mixer and the isolator column and a SS
50 µL extension loop after the injector further
enhance system performance and improve PFAS
chromatographic peak shape.
PFAS Analysis Kit and ACQUITY Premier System (FTN).
Read this whitepaper that includes full procedures and best practices for testing, controlling, and mitigating PFAS contamination in
typical laboratory environments.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
17
Solid-Phase Extraction
for PFAS Analysis
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) plays a crucial role in PFAS
analysis due to the complex nature of PFAS. SPE allows
selective extraction and concentration of PFAS from various
matrices, which can improve sensitivity and accuracy of
analytical methods. Typically, a weak-anion exchange (WAX)
sorbent is used for PFAS extraction by SPE. This is because
WAX contains both reversed-phase retention beneficial
for fluoroalkyl chains and anion-exchange retention for
commonly acidic PFAS head groups. Also, some US EPA
methods document the use of specific SPE types for
extraction.
Sep-Pak PS-2 Cartridges for EPA
Method 537.1 for Drinking Water
EPA method 537.1 requires a specific cartridge, Sep-Pak™
PS-2 (styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer), for the extraction
of PFAS in drinking water that cannot be modified. This
cartridge has been used and demonstrates all necessary
analytical requirements for the method.
For more information, please refer to the following
application note: Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS)
in Drinking Water: Extraction Using the PS2 Cartridge
in Accordance with EPA 537.1.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
18
Oasis™ WAX, WAX/GCB and
GCB/WAX for PFAS Analysis
Outside of EPA method 537.1, most PFAS extraction is
performed using WAX sorbents as it is more selective
for PFAS. It is used across various matrices including
drinking water, non-potable water, food, soils, tissue,
and more. Since SPE is a critical step for PFAS analysis,
contamination from the cartridges can cause false
positives and require time and labor for laboratories to
rerun samples. Due to the need for cleanliness, Waters
offers SPE cartridges that have undergone a quality
control pre-screening test for low levels of 32 PFAS.
This test is completed by a third-party accredited PFAS
laboratory.
Oasis WAX for PFAS Analysis
Oasis WAX for PFAS Analysis are SPE cartridges
that are QC-tested by an accredited third-party
laboratory for low-residual PFAS, and designed
for environmental and food testing applications for
PFAS. The WAX sorbent chemistry is used for various
methods such as EPA 533, EU 2022/2388, ISO 25101,
ISO 21675, and EPA 1633 (EPA 1633 also requires a
carbon cleanup) for matrices including potable and
non-potable aqueous, soil, tissue, and food. Waters
offers five different parts for Oasis WAX for PFAS
Analysis to align with existing methods. Additionally,
outside of using for specific methods, across
laboratories performing PFAS determination for food
and environmental samples, WAX cartridges are the
industry standard.
For more information about the use of Oasis WAX for
PFAS Analysis in specific methods, please reference
the application notes below:
Oasis WAX for Extraction for Per- and Polyfluorinated
Alkyl Substances (PFAS) from Drinking Water in
Accordance with EPA Method 533
The Waters Start Up Guide: Guidelines and
Recommendations for the Analysis of PFAS
in Environmental Samples
Analysis of Legacy and Emerging Perfuorinated Alkyl
Substances (PFAS) in Environmental Water Samples
Oasis WAX, WAX/GCB, and GCB/WAX for PFAS Analysis. Using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and LC-MS/MS
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
19
Read these application notes that use the new
WAX/GCB GCB/WAX SPE cartridges:
EPA 1633 Application Note: Establishing and
Assessing the Method
EPA 1633 Application Note: Analyzing PFAS
in Water Samples
EPA 1633 Application Note: Analyzing PFAS
in Soil and Tissue Samples
Analysis of 28 EU Regulated and Recommended
PFAS in Food via LC-MS/MS - Part 1: Vegetable,
Fruit and Baby Food
Dual-Phase Oasis WAX/GCB
and GCB/WAX for PFAS Analysis
for Complex Matrices
The complexity of PFAS analysis, especially in challenging
matrices like non-potable water, soils, and biosolids,
demands efficient sample preparation methods. With
the release of EPA Method 1633, these types of complex
matrices require the use of both a WAX concentration/
cleanup step plus additional cleanup step using graphitized
carbon black (GCB). Oasis WAX/GCB and GCB/WAX for
PFAS Analysis are dual-phase bi-layer cartridges containing
both sorbents in one device. They also undergo the same
QC-testing ensuring low-residual PFAS as Oasis WAX for
PFAS Analysis cartridges. These dual-phase SPE cartridges
integrate Weak Anion Exchange (WAX) and Graphitized
Carbon Black (GCB) layers, significantly streamlining the
sample preparation process by reducing the handling of
loose carbon powder and combining multiple steps into one.
To align with EPA Method 1633 and the order of the clean-up
steps, for aqueous samples the WAX/GCB orientation should
be selected, where for soils, tissues, and other solid samples,
the GCB/WAX orientation should be used. EPA Method 1633
is performance-based and allows for dual-phase cartridges
if the acceptance criteria for the method are met. The
demonstration of the cartridges’ suitability for water and soil
and tissue samples for EPA 1633 can be examined further in
the application notes listed below. Additionally, when working
with PFAS determination of complex matrices outside of EPA
1633 such as food, or non US-environmental samples, the
addition of carbon adds an extra layer of cleanup which may
be beneficial for challenging matrices.
Features and Benefits:
■ Quality Control: Rigorous testing from an accredited
third-party organization ensures low residual levels
of PFAS, reducing background contamination and
false positives.
■ Simplified Workflow: The design of these cartridges
removes four manual steps (weighing, vortexing,
centrifugation, and filtering) from the EPA Method
1633 sample preparation workflows, enhancing
throughput and reproducibility.
■ Increased Efficiency: The cartridges decrease extraction
times by up to 20%, allowing faster processing without
sacrificing accuracy.
■ Expanded Applications: These cartridges are not only
effective in water and soil samples but also show
increased recovery rates for neutral PFAS in food
matrices, demonstrating their versatility.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
20
QuEChERS Method Integration
For fresh food produce and simple agricultural
commodities, the QuEChERS method offers a quick and
effective alternative to alkaline digestion and extraction
with methanol. The QuEChERS Approach involves shaking
the sample with a mixture of salts and solvents followed
by a phase separation and cleanup using d-SPE. However,
it is advisable to check with regional requirements as the
QuEChERS method alone may not be suitable for reaching
required regulatory limits.
■ Waters QuEChERS Kits: These kits provide all necessary
materials, including pre-weighed extraction buffer salts
and a selection of d-SPE materials, tailored to different
matrix-specific challenges.
■ Advantages: QuEChERS is known for its ease of use,
speed, and effectiveness in reducing contamination
risks, making it particularly suitable for high-throughput
environments.
The sample preparation phase is foundational in ensuring
the reliability and accuracy of PFAS analysis. By effectively
managing potential contamination sources, employing
advanced tools like the PFAS Kit and Oasis WAX, WAX/
GCB, and GCB/WAX for PFAS analysis and Sep-Pak
PS-2 cartridges, and integrating versatile methods such
as QuEChERS where applicable, laboratories can achieve
precise and dependable analytical results. These strategies
streamline the sample preparation process and enhance
the efficiency and capability of laboratories to handle diverse
sample matrices in PFAS analysis. This comprehensive
approach ensures that labs are well-equipped to meet
regulatory standards and contribute to environmental
safety monitoring.
Total Workflow for the Sensitive Analysis of Per- and
Polyfuoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Fish, Meat, Edible
Offal, and Eggs
Waters QuEChERS kits streamline d-SPE sample prep for efficient
multi-residue food and agricultural analysis.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
21
OPTIMIZED LC-MS/MS SOLUTIONS FOR PFAS ANALYSIS
Addressing Key
Challenges for
Laboratories
As lab managers and analytical chemists well know, PFAS
contamination is a pervasive challenge, particularly given
its ubiquity in laboratory environments. In PFAS analysis,
the separation stage is critical and is adeptly handled by
the ACQUITY Premier System, which is equipped with
MaxPeak™ High Performance Surfaces (HPS) Technology.
This technology enhances sensitivity, analyte recovery, and
reproducibility by minimizing analyte/surface interactions,
which is crucial for achieving reliable detection levels
required by regulatory standards. The ACQUITY Premier
BEH™ C18 (recommended for legacy methods) and Atlantis™
Premier BEH C18 AX (recommended for methods that
include short and ultra-short chain PFAS) columns, provide
superior peak shapes and stable retention times, even at
large injection volumes. These features make the ACQUITY
Premier System an ideal choice for labs seeking to maintain
high throughput without compromising on quality and
accuracy. The system’s robustness and configuration
flexibility, combined with a PFAS Solution Installation Kit,
ensure that the risk of contamination from mobile phases
or system components is minimized, thus enhancing lab
efficiency and reducing false detections.
For more information, please reference the application notes
listed below:
Expanding the Range of PFAS in a Single Injection to
Include Ultra Short Chains Using the Atlantis Premier
BEH C18 AX Mixed Mode Column
Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
in Accordance with EPA 1633 Part 1: Establishing and
Assessing the Method
Advanced Liquid Chromatography
(LC) for Reliable Separation
Revolutionize your separations and enhance your
lab efficiency with the ACQUITY Premier System.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
23
Mass Spectrometry (MS) Detection
with Unmatched Sensitivity
Meeting lower detection limits for PFAS consistently is one
of the most pressing issues labs face, driven by evolving
regulatory requirements across different regions. The Waters
Xevo™ TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer excels here. As the
most sensitive tandem quadrupole MS available, the Xevo
TQ Absolute allows laboratories to achieve the lowest limits
of quantitation for PFAS compounds in complex matrices.
This instrument is particularly valuable in environments
where reaching challenging regulatory levels is crucial. Its
design incorporates reduced energy consumption, aligning
with the environmental responsibilities of labs performing
PFAS analysis. Additionally, the Xevo TQ Absolute supports
a direct injection approach, which facilitates high-throughput
analysis by reducing sample preparation steps and minimizing
potential contamination sources.
For more information, please reference the application notes
listed below:
Improved Sensitivity for the Detection of Per- and
Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Environmental
Water Samples Using a Direct Injection Approach
on Xevo TQ Absolute
Ultra-Trace Detection of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl
Substances (PFAS) in Drinking Water to Meet New
US EPA Interim Health Advisory Levels
Efficient Data Management and
Processing with waters_connect
for Quantitation
Harness the unmatched sensitivity of the Xevo TQ Absolute
with the most modern, intuitive, efficient quantitation software
solution established on the market.
The MS Quan App included with the waters_connect™ for
Quantitation Software focusses your attention where it is
most needed by providing a simple, insightful, visual user
experience that saves time and reduces error.
Discover seamless workflows with one click from acquisition
to processing methods as well as a radical commitment
to ease of use and simplicity; enabling users of different
experience levels to produce highly accurate, reliable and
sensitive results.
Data review is accelerated by using rulesets tailored to
regulations as well as saving 50% of time spent on data
review with Exception Focused Review (XFR).
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
24
Enhancing PFAS Analysis
with waters_connect System
Monitoring Software
PFAS testing demands high sensitivity and accuracy due
to complex environmental matrices and strict regulatory
standards from agencies like the EPA. Traditional lab
management methods often fall short in handling the
rigorous requirements of PFAS analysis. The integration of
waters_connect System Monitoring Software with LCMS systems provides a modern solution that significantly
boosts lab productivity and instrument uptime, crucial for
effective PFAS testing. ■ Real-Time Instrument Monitoring: waters_connect
System Monitoring enables continuous, real-time
monitoring of LC-MS systems. This feature is vital for
labs to dynamically scale their operations in response
to fluctuating PFAS analysis demands, ensuring optimal
instrument usage and efficiency.
■ Rapid Troubleshooting and Issue Resolution:
The software promptly notifies lab personnel of any
system errors or status changes, allowing for quick
troubleshooting. This capability is essential to minimize
downtime and maintain continuous operation, which is
particularly important in high-throughput environments
focused on PFAS detection.
■ Detailed Performance Insights: Offering a
comprehensive view of instrument performance and
historical data, waters_connect System Monitoring helps
lab managers make informed decisions about system
maintenance and management. This proactive approach
prevents unexpected system failures and optimizes longterm operational efficiency.
■ Remote System Scheduling: The real-time system
scheduling functionality within System Monitoring
streamlines this process by allowing users to reserve
systems for multiple purposes (regular sample runs,
calibration and maintenance, etc.). This functionality is
vital for optimal system performance and management,
particularly in fast-paced laboratories.
Pairing waters_connect System Monitoring with high
sensitivity Xevo Tandem Quadrupole Systems enables
laboratories to manage their PFAS testing workload more
effectively. By providing remote system status viewing,
efficient system usage, rapid response to issues, detailed
tracking of system history, and easy scheduling of instrument
runs and maintenance, this software solution enhances
laboratory efficiency, productivity, and data integrity.
For more information, please refer to the following
white paper: Improving the Efficiency of PFAS
and Other High Profile Analysis Using LC-MS Systems
With waters_connect System Monitoring Software
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
25
Integrating Technology
and Sustainability
The Xevo TQ Absolute not only meets analytical and
operational demands but also addresses the environmental
impact of laboratory practices. Awarded the ACT label for its
sustainable features, the Xevo TQ Absolute is designed with a
smaller footprint and lower resource consumption, reflecting
the commitment Waters has to sustainability. The instrument’s
efficient design and operational excellence ensure that
labs can maintain high performance while supporting their
environmental and sustainability goals.
The combination of advanced LC separation using the
ACQUITY Premier System and precise detection with the
Xevo TQ Absolute provides a comprehensive solution for
PFAS analysis. For laboratories engaged in PFAS analysis,
staying ahead of regulatory changes while managing
operational efficiency and costs is a continual challenge.
The Waters’ integrated LC-MS/MS solutions not only rise to
meet these challenges but also drive your lab towards greater
scientific and operational excellence. By choosing Waters,
you’re not just upgrading your technology—you’re enhancing
your lab’s capability to deliver reliable, timely, and costeffective results that make a difference, paving the way for
more sustainable and responsible scientific practices.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
26
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
Empowering Advanced Scientific
Discovery with HRMS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis.
For labs tasked with the demanding and dynamic field
of PFAS analysis, the Waters high resolution MS (HRMS)
solutions offer a comprehensive suite of tools that not only
meet current analytical needs but also provide the flexibility
to adapt to emerging challenges. Non-target screening (NTS)
or advanced structural characterization with HRMS is a
powerful complementary technique for the discovery and
identification of known or novel PFAS. If your focus is going
beyond quantitative analyses, these HRMS technologies
empower your lab to deliver precise, reliable results, and drive
scientific discovery forward.
Benefits for Your Lab:
The advanced HRMS solutions address critical
customer pain points such as the need for higher
selectivity, the ability to handle complex samples,
and the requirement for robust data management
and analysis tools. Labs can expect:
■ Increased sensitivity and specificity
in PFAS detection.
■ Enhanced capability to identify and quantify
both known and unknown PFAS compounds.
■ Streamlined workflows that reduce sample
handling and increase throughput.
■ Sophisticated structural characterization tools
that aid in distinguishing closely related PFAS
compounds.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
28
As lab managers and analytical chemists well know, the
pervasive nature of PFAS presents significant challenges
in environmental and health safety testing. The Xevo G3
QTof Mass Spectrometer offers an unparalleled solution,
delivering the high sensitivity needed for the complexities
of PFAS analysis along with the specificity of accurate mass
measurements (less than 3 ppm). Its data independent
acquisition mode (MSE) offers functionality for both screening
and quantitative analysis. The Xevo G3 QTof demonstrated
a high sensitivity, in the order of ng/L. The platform also
supports NTS and the identification of unknown PFAS
with accurate mass accurate mass precursor and
fragment measurements.
This dual qual/quan capability, along with a comprehensive
accurate mass PFAS Library, is essential for labs tasked with
Research and Non-Targeted Screening (NTS) Capabilities with Xevo G3 QTof
For more information, please reference the application notes
listed below:
Direct Injection Screening Method for Per- and
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Drinking
Water Using the High Resolution Time of Flight
Mass Spectrometer, the Xevo G3 QTof
Non-target Screening Workflow (NTS) for the Analysis
of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Animal
Products Using Xevo G3 QTof
monitoring a wide array of PFAS compounds, including those
not yet regulated or fully studied. The Waters PFAS Library is
based on experimental data acquired on analytical standards
of PFAS that includes accurate mass precursor ions, retention
time, and accurate mass fragment ions.
The integration of the powerful waters_connect Software
platform with the Xevo G3 QTof simplifies complex screening
or discovery workflows. This system allows labs to rapidly
transition between exploring unknown compounds in their
samples to targeted quantification, ensuring comprehensive
coverage and confident characterization. By maximizing
sample information from detailed characterization to accurate
quantitation, Xevo G3 QTof empowers labs to validate their
findings with complete confidence.
Improve your qualitative and quantitative capabilities
with outstanding sensitivity using the Xevo G3 QTof.
Caption?
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
29
For labs pushing the boundaries of research and requiring
detailed structural characterization, the SELECT SERIES
Cyclic IMS adds a vital dimension to PFAS analysis. Ion
mobility provides an additional dimension of separation and
increased system peak capacity without adding analysis
time. This innovative system combines Cyclic Ion Mobility
(cIM) with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry,
effectively distinguishing PFAS from other compounds in
complex matrices and even resolving isomeric forms like
linear and branched PFAS.
The SELECT SERIES Cyclic Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS)
System represents a groundbreaking advance in PFAS
analytical techniques. By integrating liquid chromatography
with cyclic ion mobility separation, this system markedly
enhances the detection of PFAS compounds in complex
environmental matrices.
Key Benefits of Cyclic Ion Mobility in PFAS Analysis:
For more information, read the application note:
The Application of Cyclic Ion Mobility to Non-Targeted
Analysis of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
in Environmental Samples
Enhanced Separation and Detection with SELECT SERIES™ Cyclic™ IMS
1. Enhanced Detection and Identification:
■ The SELECT SERIES Cyclic IMS System facilitates
the confident identification of known PFAS through
the precise measurement of mass, retention times,
expected fragment ions, and collision cross-section
(CCS) data.
■ This method significantly improves the detection
of both known and novel PFAS compounds in
complex environmental samples, such as water
from contaminated sites.
2. Discovery of Novel PFAS:
■ Adding ion mobility separation is advantageous
for discovering new PFAS as the compounds have
a distinct behavior compared to other compound
classes of similar m/z.
■ An IMS-based filtering approach is instrumental in
discovering previously undetected PFAS molecules,
thereby expanding the scope of contaminants that
can be monitored and remediated.
■ Common fragment ion searches can potentially
yield new compounds or break down products
previously undetected.
3. Advanced Structural Elucidation:
■ The use of ion mobility separation enhances
the structural elucidation of known and unknown
PFAS compounds. By aligning additional spectral
data, researchers can achieve a deeper insight into
the molecular structures and behaviors of PFAS,
facilitating more effective identification and analysis.
■ As authentic standards of new PFAS are limited, the
certainty of proposed structures can be supported
by the data rich approach of LC-IMS-HRMS
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
30
Streamlining Workflow with waters_connect
Both the Xevo G3 QTof and the SELECT SERIES Cyclic IMS are
supported by the comprehensive waters_connect Software environment.
This platform harmonizes workflow management from research and
discovery to regulatory quantitative analyses. For labs analyzing PFAS,
waters_connect provides tools for mass defect filtering, online database
and comprehensive PFAS library searches, and data set management,
which are essential for the efficient processing and analysis of large and
complex data sets.
The software’s UNIFI™ Application, particularly when coupled with the
Xevo G3 QTof and SELECT SERIES Cyclic Ion Mobility, streamlines
PFAS screening workflows using direct injection approaches. This
method significantly enhances laboratory throughput, enabling
confident PFAS identification.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
31
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
At Waters, we are committed to enhancing laboratory
proficiency, especially in the complex field of PFAS
analysis. Our dedicated Global Services Team provides
comprehensive training and application-specific support
to ensure your lab personnel are well-equipped to
handle sophisticated analytical tools and methodologies.
Through our extensive training, dedicated support, and
services, Waters empowers your lab to exceed regulatory
requirements and achieve operational excellence.
Our PFAS outcome-based method application training
is specifically designed to expedite the learning curve for
region-specific LC-MS methods. Through detailed user
guides, on-site solution Success Guides, and training
checklists, we focus on speeding up implementation so
that labs can quickly move to mastering optimization,
troubleshooting, and ultimately achieving analytical success.
We continuously refine our training programs on a global
basis to cover a wide array of methods, keeping pace
with regulatory updates and expanding your laboratory’s
capabilities in PFAS analysis.
Optimizing Instrument Productivity
and Analytical Services
Waters helps maintain your instruments at peak productivity,
minimizing downtime and enhancing lab performance. Our
services include the latest technology upgrades, method
transfer, validation, and stringent compliance support to
ensure your instruments deliver reliable and consistent
results. It is recommended, for example, that Waters provide
professional installation of the UPLC PFAS Kit with no major
modifications to the UPLC and benchmark the system to
be “PFAS-Ready.”
Professional and Compliance Services
Our Compliance Services Team offers a comprehensive suite
of services to ensure your laboratory meets all regulatory
standards without disruption. From instrument to software
qualification, we help you establish and maintain quality
standards that meet regulatory requirements, protecting
your lab from potential non-compliance consequences.
Our Software Compliance Services provide scalable, expert
solutions to maintain control over your laboratory systems
from installation onwards, ensuring they are fit for intended
use and aligned with regulatory demands.
Customized Training and Application Support
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
33
“The Waters Team have been instrumental in the
development of a custom solution for streamlining
the analysis of short-chain PFAS in our lab. [...]
Their proactive approach and expertise have
greatly enhanced our capabilities.”
Victoria Erdely - Head of Department Method and Instrument Support - Eurofins GfA Lab Services
WATERS | ERA:
Elevating PFAS
Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing
and Quality Control
Waters | ERA™, a leader in the field of certified reference
materials (CRMs) and proficiency testing (PT) products,
serves as an indispensable partner for laboratories across
the globe. Recognized in over 80 countries, Waters | ERA
is committed to enhancing the accuracy and reliability of
laboratory data through comprehensive testing support
and services.
Waters | ERA provides essential support to laboratories
across industries such as environment, food safety, and
pharmaceuticals, helping them meet stringent quality and
accreditation standards while maintaining high performance.
Key Services:
■ Proficiency Testing (PT): Waters | ERA’s PT
services validate analytical results, ensure testing
reliability, and enable comparison against peer
benchmarks, highlighting areas for improvement.
■ eDATA™ Informatics: This platform equips QA
managers with tools for performance analysis and
risk management, improving operational visibility
and fostering process enhancements across
laboratory networks.
■ Custom Reporting and Support: Tailored
support from Waters | ERA ensures laboratories
meet specific quality objectives and maintain
a competitive edge.
These streamlined services simplify laboratory
management, enhance proficiency testing, and improve
overall analysis quality, allowing laboratories to focus
on core operations.
Introduction to
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
36
The Importance of Proficiency
Testing in PFAS Analysis
This support extends significantly into the critical and
increasingly regulated area of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl
Substances (PFAS) analysis.
Proficiency testing is crucial in PFAS analysis for several
reasons:
■ Regulatory Compliance: It helps laboratories meet
stringent quality standards required by regulatory
agencies.
■ Performance Benchmarking: It enables labs to
compare their results with those of peers, providing an
external validation of their analytical capabilities.
■ Quality Improvement: PT results can highlight areas
for improvement, helping laboratories refine their
analytical processes.
Key Products for PFAS Analysis
PFAS Secondary Source Standard Products:
Recognizing the scarcity of reliable PFAS standard
suppliers, Waters | ERA offers a vital resource—PFAS
Secondary Source Standards. These standards are
meticulously designed to serve as a dependable
secondary source for routine quality control. By furnishing
a straightforward solution for verification without the
necessity for additional dilutions, these standards simplify
the process for laboratories, enabling them to maintain
accuracy in PFAS quantification. The standards include
a comprehensive list of EPA Method 1633 and 533/537
analytes, precisely calibrated to match PFAS method
calibration curves, thus facilitating thorough verification.
Proficiency Testing (PT) Products:
Waters | ERA’s PT products are integral to validating the
accuracy of laboratory results and ensuring consistency
across tests. The PT programs help labs verify the
reliability and reproducibility of their testing parameters,
identify areas for corrective action, and benchmark
their performance against peers. This is especially
critical in PFAS analysis, where precision and reliability
are paramount due to the health and environmental
implications of these substances.
Certified Reference Material (CRM) Products:
Waters | ERA offers Certified Reference Materials (CRMs)
essential for maintaining high-quality standards in
industries such as environmental, pharmaceutical, and
food processing. To deliver confidence, a laboratory needs
to maintain a robust and sustainable Quality Control (QC)
program. CRMs play a critical role in this as CRMs support
laboratories in establishing demonstration of capability,
analyst training, root cause analysis, calibration, and
developing and validating PFAS methods to meet
regulatory compliance.
eDATA and Project Support:
Waters | ERA provides eDATA, an innovative portal that
revolutionizes proficiency testing management. eDATA
features include streamlined data entry, on-demand
access to PT reports, and tools for tracking and managing
compliance activities which are all critical for maintaining
PFAS accreditation. To further assist laboratories, Waters |
ERA offers custom interlaboratory support. This service is
tailored to help laboratories streamline ordering, manage
PT compliance, and implement best practices across their
networks, enhancing the overall quality of analyses.
As the field of environmental testing, particularly for PFAS,
grows in complexity and scrutiny, partnering with Waters |
ERA offers laboratories not just data validation and peace of
mind, but a comprehensive support system to navigate the
challenges of PFAS analysis. By leveraging Waters | ERA’s
advanced PT products and secondary source standards,
labs can ensure compliance with regulations, maintain high
analytical standards, and ultimately protect public health and
the environment.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
37
CASE STUDY
Enhancing PFAS Testing at
SGS INSTITUT FRESENIUS
with Waters Technology
SGS INSTITUT FRESENIUS, a leader in non-medical laboratory analysis across
Europe, has responded proactively to evolving PFAS regulatory standards by
incorporating advanced technologies from Waters. This collaboration highlights the
integration of the Waters Xevo TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer and waters_connect
for Quantitation Software significantly enhancing the laboratory’s testing capabilities.
The case exemplifies how strategic investments in cutting-edge technologies and
strong vendor support can significantly enhance a laboratory’s analytical capabilities.
Key Challenges and Solutions
Facing stringent regulatory demands for lower limits of quantification (LOQ) for
PFAS, SGS needed technology capable of achieving ultra-sensitive detection levels.
The Waters Xevo TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer was selected for its precision in
measuring low concentrations of PFAS in diverse matrices, including environmental
samples and food products.
The laboratory at SGS INSTITUT FRESENIUS, managed by Mr. Stephan Lebertz, has
developed new methods to meet these challenges, focusing on robust extraction,
cleanup, and preconcentration techniques. This methodological evolution was
supported by Waters technologies, which are designed for high efficiency and
minimal contamination risk, crucial for reliable PFAS testing.
Lower Regulatory Limits Prompt
Innovation in PFAS Testing
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
39
Support and Training
For Waters, the commitment to supporting SGS extended
beyond just providing instruments. The comprehensive
customer support and training have been pivotal in
smoothly integrating new technologies at SGS, ensuring
the lab personnel were well-equipped to utilize the
advanced capabilities of the Waters instruments fully.
This support has been instrumental in optimizing the
lab’s operations and enhancing overall productivity.
Benefits and Impact
The partnership with Waters has enabled SGS INSTITUT
FRESENIUS to:
■ Achieve lower LOQs necessary for compliance
with current and upcoming regulations.
■ Enhance the precision and reliability of PFAS
testing, critical for protecting environmental
and human health.
■ Maintain high throughput and data integrity,
which are essential for managing large volumes
of samples and complex analyses.
■ Gain a strategic advantage in PFAS analysis
by expanding the scope to include more PFAS
compounds and different matrices.
Read the whole case study: Discover How SGS Institut
Fresenius Is Revolutionizing their PFAS Testing with
Waters Technology
This partnership not only
addresses the technical
challenges of PFAS analysis
but also positions SGS as
a leader in environmental
testing, ready to meet the
challenges of stringent
global standards.
Waters Xevo TQ-S micro mass spectrometer system at SGS INSTITUT FRESENIUS.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
40
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
The Final Word: Collaboratively
Advancing the Future of Innovation
in PFAS Analysis
Navigating the complexities of PFAS analysis requires more
than just robust technology—it demands a partnership
that extends beyond the laboratory bench. This eBook
has showcased the sophisticated tools and strategic
support provided by Waters Corporation and Waters | ERA,
equipping labs to tackle the persistent challenges of PFAS
with precision and confidence.
Through our advanced LC-MS/MS and HRMS technologies,
Waters has redefined the standards of sensitivity and
accuracy in PFAS analysis. The addition of Waters | ERA’s
proficiency testing and certified reference materials further
strengthens lab capabilities, ensuring compliance with
stringent global regulations and enhancing data reliability.
As we wrap up, remember that managing PFAS isn’t just
about detecting these compounds; it’s about empowering
your lab with the right tools and support to ensure your
results lead to actionable insights. With Waters and ERA,
you gain more than just technological solutions—you gain
a reliable ally in your quest to protect public health and
the environment.
Together, we’re not just responding to the challenge of
PFAS—we’re leading the way in shaping a safer, healthier
future. Thank you for joining us on this critical journey.
Let’s continue to push the boundaries of what’s possible
in environmental testing.
Global PFAS
Regulations and
Compliance
Introduction: Unraveling
the Complexity of PFAS
in Our Environment
Waters commitment
to PFAS Analysis
Sample Preparation
Solutions for
PFAS Analysis
Optimized
LC-MS/MS Solutions
for PFAS Analysis
Advanced HRMS
Solutions for
Comprehensive
PFAS Analysis
| PFAS Contamination eBook
Streamline Your
Laboratory Operations
with Waters’ Services
and Support
Waters | ERA: Elevating
PFAS Analysis Through
Proficiency Testing and
Quality Control
Case Study: Enhancing
PFAS Testing: at SGS
INSTITUT FRESENIUS
Leading the Charge
Against PFAS
Contamination
42
Waters, ACQUITY, UPLC, waters_connect, Sep-Pak, Oasis, MaxPeak,
BEH, Atlantis, Xevo, UNIFI, SELECT SERIES, Cyclic, Waters | ERA, and
eDATA are trademarks of Waters Corporation. All other trademarks are
the property of their respective owners.
©2024 Waters Corporation. September 24-12814 720008515EN Rev A
Waters Corporation
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Milford, MA 01757
T: 1-508-478-2000
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www.waters.com/PFAS
