67304_LM_Autoclave (JeioTech)_eBook_JL V2AUTOCLAVE RESOURCE GUIDEUnder Pressure: Strategies for Enhancing Autoclave SafetyOptimizing safety and efficiency through effective management and maintenance practicesPURCHASINGQuestions to AskBEST PRACTICESfor Maintenance and LongevityUPDATESin Autoclave SafetyTable of Contents
3 Ensuring Excellence in Sterilization4 Questions to Ask When Buying an Autoclave6 Autoclave Maintenance Checklist9 Autoclaving Guidelines for Sterilization of Lab Equipment12 Too Hot to Handle2 Lab Manager
15 Safer Sterilization: Improvements in Autoclave SafetyIntroduction
Ensuring Exce lence in Sterilization
Guidance for selecting, maintaining, and operating autoclaves to ensure lab safety and extend equipment lifespanAutoclaves play a pivotal role in ensuring the sterilization of lab equipment and materials. However, the effectiveness of an autoclave is highly dependent on its proper maintenance and care. Neglect in these areas can lead to significant issues, compromising research outcomes and posing serious health and safety risks to lab personnel.The selection process for an autoclave must be thorough and consider the lab’s specific needs, including the types of materials that will be sterilized (e.g., glassware, biological samples, waste), their volume, and the frequency of sterilization cycles. Additionally, safety features like door-locking mechanisms and pressure relief valves should be taken into account, as they ensure the device operates safely and protects users.Once an autoclave is installed, it’s essential to create and follow a regular maintenance schedule. This practice will not only prolong the lifespan of the autoclave but also ensure that sterilization processes are effective and consistent. Regular maintenance is also necessary for identifying any potential issues before they become safety hazards. These hazards can include steam burns, explosions, and the release of biohazardous materials.Providing training for all lab personnel operating the autoclave is another critical step in en- suring a safe lab environment. This training should cover the basic operations of the autoclave and provide an in-depth understanding of the sterilization process, maintenance procedures, and safety protocols.This eBook includes important considerations for purchasing an autoclave, a detailed maintenance checklist to ensure long-term reliability, best practices for safe autoclave operation, and strategies for developing an effective training program.
Questions to Ask When Buying an Autoclave
by Lab ManagerPurchasing an autoclave can represent a significant invest- ment. The following questions will help you make an in- formed decision that ensures your new autoclave aligns with your lab’s specific needs and safety standards:1What is the primary use of the autoclave?Determine whether the autoclave will be primarily used for sterilizing solids, liquids, or a combination of these. The type of material you plan to sterilize can affect the autoclave’s required features and cycle options.2What is the required capacity?Begin by assessing the volume of items your lab will need to regularly sterilize. Autoclaves can range in size from compact benchtop models suitable for small labs to large freestanding units for facilities that require higher through-put. Choosing one with an appropriate capacity can improve efficiency and prevent workflow bottlenecks.3How much space do you have available?Measure the available lab space carefully to ensure the au- toclave will fit, considering the footprint (width and depth), height, and the space needed around the unit for heat dissi- pation and maintenance access.4What are the utility requirements?Evaluate the power supply requirements of the autoclave to ensure compatibility with your lab’s electrical capabilities. Autoclaves can require large amounts of power, often need- ing a dedicated outlet with specific voltage and amperage ratings. Lab managers should also consider the water supply and drainage requirements. Any connected drainage system must be able to handle the volume and temperature of the wastewater created.5What safety features are included?Autoclaves can be quite dangerous if not handled correctly or properly maintained. As such, it is important to purchase an autoclave that prioritizes safety. Some features to look for include an emergency stop, pressure relief valves, door-lock- ing mechanisms, and safety warning systems.What warranty and service plans are offered?6Understand the warranty period and what it covers. Addi- tionally, inquire about the manufacturer’s support options, including technical support and training for lab personnel.Sustainability tipAutoclaves typically consume a large amount of water and energy to generate steam, cool wastewater, and create a vacuum. A largeportion of this energy is consumed when heating the autoclave. Therefore, selecting an autoclave with a more efficient heating method can savea considerable amount of energy and money. Additionally, some autoclaves are equipped with systems designed to reduce water consumption. Another way to reduce the environmental impact of your autoclave is by running it only when full (materials must be compatible and should have space between them for steam circulation).
Autoclave Maintenance Checklist
by Lab ManagerAutoclaves are essential for decontaminating certain biological wastes and sterilizing media, instruments, and labware. Fol- lowing this checklist will help you extend the life of your au- toclave and ensure it continues to operate safely and efficiently.Product SpotlightDiscover Jeio Tech Autoclaves: Reliable Sterilization Solutions for Every LabJeio Tech autoclaves are meticulously engineered to revolutionize sterilization efficiency. With unpar- alleled stability and precision in temperature control, each sterilization cycle is flawlessly executed. Whether for laboratory or industrial applications, this product streamlines operation and maintenance with its intuitive interface and simplified design.Featuring a vertical top-load design, Jeio Tech autoclaves optimize space utilization while accommo- dating various load sizes for efficient large-volume sterilization without compromising effectiveness. Available in four capacities ranging from 50 to 105 liters, this innovative layout enhances productivi- ty without sacrificing quality, meeting diverse sterilization demands with ease.Safety is paramount in every aspect of our autoclave design. Equipped with a range of comprehen- sive protection features, from pressure sensors to automated shutoff mechanisms, it prioritizes user safety throughout operation, providing peace of mind in even the most demanding environments.
CLICK HERE TO LEARN MOREAutoclaving Guidelines for Sterilization of
Lab EquipmentEnhancing autoclave performance with advanced strategies for maintenance, operation, and safetyby Lab ManagerOperating autoclaves requires caution and adherence to safety protocols to mitigate physical and biological risks, such as heat, steam, pressure, and exposure to pathogens. The following guidelines will walk you through the proper use of autoclaves, highlighting the importance of regular maintenance, effective sterilization techniques, and safety precautions.Autoclave efficacy can be assessed through three types of in- dicators: physical, chemical, and biological. Physical indica- tors involve the use of recording devices to monitor pressure and temperature inside the autoclave. Chemical indicators, like temperature-sensitive autoclave tape, change color when exposed to high temperatures or combinations of time and temperature, providing a visual indicator for sterilization.These two methods cannot guarantee sterilization, instead, they help detect any procedural errors and equipment mal- functions. Biological indicators, or spore tests, are a common and effective method for confirming autoclave efficacy as they directly test the killing of highly resistant microorgan- isms. However, spore testing should only be done weekly, and results are not immediate, so physical and chemical monitoring must be performed in addition.
Too Hot to Handle
A three-step program for working with autoclavesby Vince McLeod, CIHLike the coffee pot used for brewing your favorite morning beverage, an autoclave is such a common and familiar piece of lab equipment that it is easy to overlook the associated hazards. If we do not think about what might go wrong, sooner or later we will get burned. By following this simple three-step program of training, testing/monitoring/main- tenance, and record-keeping, you can avoid mishaps and potentially significant damage or injury.Autoclaves are typically used for two main purposes, either to steam-sterilize media, instruments, or lab equipment such as glassware and specialized implements or to inactivatebiological waste materials.1 Primary hazards of using an autoclave are the physical ones presented by high tempera- tures, steam, and pressure. Effective sterilization requires steam temperatures exceeding 250°F (121°C). Typical autoclave pressurization is at least 20 pounds per square inch (psi). Depending on the use, additional concerns may include biological hazards such as infectious materials or physical hazards from sharps.Even though loading and running an autoclave may seem as simple as using your dishwasher at home, some forethought is required for safe and efficient operation. All operators shouldbe thoroughly familiar with the owner/operator’s manual and controls for your particular machine. Controls vary be- tween manufacturers, and every machine has unique loading characteristics, load-sizing requirements, cycle settings,and cycle types.2 The size of the load and types of material requiring sterilization or inactivation/decontamination will determine the cycle needed. It is highly recommended that the manufacturer’s operation manual be copied (perhaps even water-proofed/laminated) and kept in the room with the autoclave.Training policies for all autoclave users should also be put in place. Principal investigators or laboratory supervisors must bear the responsibility of ensuring this is done. All training should be documented, with copies stored in the lab. Make sure your training addresses the proper use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).At a minimum, training should cover:) Location, function, and use of controls) Proper loading and unloading (including packaging, sizing, and testing protocols)) Required PPE (heat-resistant gloves, lab coats, eye protection, and closed-toed shoes)) Incident and maintenance reporting) Record keeping) Emergency proceduresTo make sure the autoclave is functioning properly, and sterilization/inactivation is effective, we need to monitor the operation of the autoclave and routinely test sterilization cycles. In fact, in Florida this is mandated by a Florida Ad-ministrative Code for handling biomedical waste, FAC 64E-1.3 Under this law autoclaves must be tested before being placed into service and routinely afterward. For autoclaves used to inactivate substances such as human pathogens, blood, tissues, and clinical samples, testing is required after every 40 hours of use. Autoclaves used to sterilize other materials must be tested every six months. Other institutions recommend testing at least once per month with biological indicators.2Testing an autoclave’s sterilization effectiveness requires the use of biological indicators. These are available in commer- cially prepared test kits containing bacterial spores—usually Bacillus stearothermophilus. Most spore vial test kits require incubation of the autoclaved test vial along with a non-au- toclaved control vial. Incubation will allow surviving spores to grow. It is recommended that test loads approximate the weight and density of typical autoclaved materials. For best results, test vials should be placed at the bottom, top, front, rear, and center of the autoclave chamber. In this way, the correct parameters for sterilization (time, temperature, and pressure) can be determined.“Primary hazards of using an autoclave are the physical ones presented by high temperatures,steam, and pressure.”A good autoclave safety program must include documentation. Principal investigators and supervisors are responsible for ensuring proper records are kept up to date. Autoclave users should be responsible for recording autoclave run information.In addition, it is recommended to keep records of all main- tenance performed on-site and have the contact information of manufacturer-approved contractors conveniently posted. Only contractors approved by the manufacturer should per- form maintenance.It is also important to keep a record of every load processed in the autoclave. This should include the date, time, name, and contact information of the operator (e.g., lab, room num- ber, and phone number). You should also indicate whether or not the load contains biohazardous material, and record the temperature, pressure, and duration of the cycle. If the auto- clave data can be printed out or is recorded on a cycle wheel, make sure to save the printout or disk.Finally, include information about all efficiency tests per- formed, along with the results of each test, in the log sheet.While autoclaves are integral to lab operations, their potential hazards demand caution. By following a program encompassing training, testing, monitoring, maintenance, and record-keep- ing, labs can mitigate risks. Additional resources for navigating autoclave safety and operation can be found on manufacturer and academic websites and from NIOSH and OSHA.How to Ensure Safe Autoclave UseAutoclave best practices for staff and managers protect users, labs, and researchThough essential for sterilizing equipment, media, and other materials in the lab, autoclaves are notorious for the safety risks that arise with improper use and maintenance due to their high temperatures and pressures.Following best practices when using autoclaves is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of the sterilization process and protect users and labs. Improper use introduces risks ranging from biohazard exposure to explosive incidents capable of powerfully firing debris. Taking propersafety precautions before and after operation keeps staff using the autoclave and those working near it safe and can also prevent damage to the autoclave and the surrounding environment.Users and managers share responsibility for ensuring safe use. Managers must ensure all personnel are fully trained and that safety guidelines, like those presented in this infographic, are easily referenced and adhered to.
Safer Sterilization: Improvements in Autoclave Safety
Advances in autoclave technology help mitigate the hazards of high temperatures and pressuresby Sarah Kirsh, MSc and Ian Black, MSComm, MScThe autoclave, an invaluable sterilization and safety tool, can be found in many labs and healthcare facilities. Ranging in size from small, benchtop machines to larger walk-in systems, there is an appropriate autoclave to match the needs of any industry. Despite this variability and utility, autoclaves can present a significant danger to the lab environment due to the high temperatures and pressures involved in their function.Fortunately, we have come a long way since the invention of the autoclave in 1879, with most advancements revolving around safety features that help keep researchers and lab technicians safe.While autoclaves are vital equipment for most labs, they represent a substantial risk due to the inherent high tem- peratures and pressures. A lack of instituted safety protocols, poorly maintained autoclaves, or older autoclaves lacking modern safety features can result in serious harm such as scalding, trauma injury, the spread of infectious diseases, and damage to surrounding lab equipment and infrastructure.Effective steam sterilization requires four elements: pressure, temperature, steam, and time. Pressure, at a minimum of 15 psi, is used to raise the boiling temperature of water, result- ing in superheated steam ideal for sterilization. This steam typically reaches temperatures of 250°F (121°C) or 270°F (132°C) and must be maintained long enough—based on the item and autoclave—to kill microorganisms.As with all pressurized containers, autoclaves can be dan- gerous if improperly handled. While rare, explosive opening of the door, due to seal malfunctions or premature opening, can cause structural damage, serious trauma injury, or even death. The first line of defense is an electronic door-locking system that prevents the sterilization cycle from starting if the door is not properly secured. Additionally, some auto- claves are equipped with an emergency stop feature that allows operators to terminate the sterilization process imme- diately if a critical failure is detected, providing additional control and protection. Newer autoclaves may also have safe- ty interlocks that sense temperature and pressure, preventing users from opening the autoclave before the temperatureand pressure have dropped to a safe level. Most importantly, autoclaves should be equipped with safety valves or pres- sure relief valves designed to release steam pressure if the internal temperatures exceed safe operating limits, acting as a critical fail-safe should all electronic controls fail.To further enhance safety, modern autoclaves incorpo- rate over-temperature protection to prevent overheating, over-pressure protection to manage excess steam pressure, and over-current protection against electrical malfunctions that could lead to equipment failure or fire hazards.“Effective steam sterilization requires four elements: pressure, temperature, steam, and time.”More commonly, autoclave injuries are a result of high temperatures and steam. While most autoclaves are well insulated to prevent heat from radiating out of the chamber, scalding can easily occur when the user loads or unloads the machine. This risk can be lessened by using an autoclave with automatic door opening and closing, as this keeps the operator away from escaping steam. Additionally, some mod- els have a steam condensing mechanism, which condenses superheated steam into a small amount of water post-ster- ilization, or a cooling cycle that decreases the temperature inside the autoclave, making the removal of items safer.A third, less obvious risk is the potential spread of infec- tious particles due to incomplete sterilization. This is where automation, sensors, and remote monitoring excel. Modern autoclaves employ intuitive user interfaces and programma- ble cycles, tailored to specific sterilization needs, to ensure the correct application of time and heat, minimizing oppor- tunities for human error. Embedded sensors actively monitor the entire process and can trigger alerts or shutdowns for immediate corrective action at any sign of deviation. Com- plementing this, remote monitoring enables lab personnelto remotely track sterilization progress, offering real-time insights on temperature and pressure levels, enhancing both safety and efficiency. To further bolster the efficacy of ster- ilization, some autoclaves include a post-sterilization drying cycle, which can help minimize the risk of microbial growth during subsequent storage and handling.While no amount of safety features can make up for a rigorously trained and designed safety protocol, modern autoclaves are better equipped to reduce the potential for harm caused by human oversight or error in their operation. Investing in these safety features and maintaining your auto- clave will help ensure a safe laboratory environment.With proud decades of history since 1988, Jeio Tech is at the forefront of laboratory equipment inno- vation. Our core expertise lies in the design and production of high-quality equipment, underscoring our commitment to propelling research and discovery across diverse fields.Our extensive product portfolio spans ovens, incubators, autoclaves, baths, shakers, environmental chambers, and storage cabinets, crafted to meet the exacting standards of modern laboratories. Prioritizing reliability, accuracy, and user-friendly interfaces, Jeio Tech empowers scientists and re- searchers to pursue their objectives with confidence. As a trusted ally in the scientific community, we consistently push the boundaries of technological excellence, contributing significantly to the global advancement of scientific knowledge.Choose Jeio Tech Lab Companion as a reliable partner on your laboratory journey!
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