Unseen Contaminants Threaten Alternative Fuel Performance

Analysis of Sustainable and Renewable Fuels

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solutions

Analysis of Sustainable and Renewable Fuels

Feedstock materials

Process intermediates and auxiliary materials Fuels and byproducts

Dear Readers,

Welcome to our e-book “Analysis of Renewable, Sustainable Fuels”. We invite you to discover our solutions for the chemical analysis of fuel alternatives, their feedstocks, auxiliary materials, and byproducts. We will show you the potential of optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for determination of trace metal impurities, wearing and toxic elements, and combustion elemental analysis for quantification of the

non-metal elements sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen, and carbon for process safety, emission control, and regulatory compliance.

The global demand for clean energy continues to rise. The need for sustainable, environmentally friendly low carbon fuels in sufficient quantities has become increasingly urgent and will continue throughout the next decades. While rising oil prices and foreign dependency have been the strongest drivers in the past, today pollution concerns and the goal to reach net-zero are most important.

Fuel alternatives derived from renewable or residual materials, such as biomass and waste, or even synthesized completely from scratch using H2 and CO2 are promising as blend components and adequate replacement for fossil fuels. A consistently high feedstock quality is crucial for process efficiency, maximum yield, and final products, complying with specifications and regulations. Fast and reliable detection of element impurities in the trace range is essential for quality control. Especially sulfur, chlorine, and metals such as copper, alkaline, and earth alkaline metals are relevant for analysis. Their presence is a risk for corrosion, soap formation, blockages, and other undesired effects. Their contents are limited to ensure safe and efficient operation. Organically bound sulfur undergoes strictest limitations. When being released as SO2 during combustion, it is a serious hazard to the environment and combustion engines and exhaust systems.

This e-book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of elemental analysis and combustion elemental analysis of alternative fuels. We will explore topics such as the analysis of feedstock materials, the measurement of metal and non-metal impurities in fuel products, and the assessment of their environmental impact. Additionally, we will discuss the challenges and advancements in chemical analysis techniques.

We hope that you enjoy reading this e-book and gain many valuable insights from it. If you have any questions about our solutions and methods, please feel free to contact us. Our experts will be happy to support you in your applications.

Angela Gröbel

Senior Product Manager

ContentsMany alternative fuels are under development, or already commercially produced. They are used either as real replacement of fossil fuels, or as blend components to supplement them partly, or as a completely new type of fuel, not comparable to any fossil one. The major goal of alternative fuels utilization is to reduce emissions including reduction of carbon dioxide footprint for production site and users, and to become circular.Renewable DieselBiodieselBioethanolAlternative FuelsHydrogenSustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF)E-Fuels / Power to LiquidDetermination of Total Sulfur, Total Nitrogen, and Total Chlorine Contents in Used Cooking Oil (UCO) and Related Bio-borne Fats by Means of Combus- tion Elemental AnalysisIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamplesReagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrument settingsMethod parametersResults and DiscussionSummaryRecommended device configurationExtended Quality Check for Soy Oil - Determination of Nonmetal Elements Nitrogen, Sulfur and Chlorine by Combustion Elemental AnalysisIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrumentationInstrument settings Method ParametersEvaluation ParametersResults and DiscussionSummaryOverview of devices and consumablesTotal Nitrogen Determination in Sugar and Starch by Catalyst-Free High-Temperature Combustion and Chemiluminescence DetectionIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrumentationMethod ParametersResults and DiscussionSummaryMetal Analysis of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil via HR Array ICP-OESIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationInstrument settingsCalibrationMethod and evaluation parametersResults and DiscussionSummaryRecommended device configurationChemical Recycling of Plastics ? Analysis of Chlorine, Sulfur, Nitrogen, andIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamplesDerived productsReagentsSample preparationCalibrationMaterials and MethodsInstrumentationMethod parametersResults and DiscussionSummaryRecommended device configurationCombined Determination of Organic Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Chlorine Contaminations on Catalyst Surfaces by Combustion Elemental AnalysisIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamplesReagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrument settingsMethod parametersResults and DiscussionSummaryRecommended device configurationOverviewElemental Analysis of Biodiesel (FAME) according to EN and ASTM Standard Methods with HR Array ICP-OESIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrument settingsMethod and evaluation parametersResults and DiscussionConclusionDetermination of Elemental Impurities in Ethanol Fuel according to Standard Methods with HR Array ICP-OESIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrument settingsMethod and evaluation parametersResults and DiscussionConclusionTotal Nitrogen Determination in Bio-based Fuels According to ASTM D4629 – Standard Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence DetectionIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples preparationCalibrationInstrumentationMethod ParametersEvaluation ParametersResults and DiscussionSummaryElemental Analysis for N/S/Cl Determination in Biofuels and Their PrecursorsIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrumentationMethod parametersEvaluation ParametersResults and DiscussionSummaryFully Automated Determination of Total Sulfur Contents of Methanol and Ethanol by Means of Combustion Elemental Analysis and UV-Fluorescence Detection in Accordance with DIN EN 15486 and ASTM D5453IntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrumentationMethod parametersEvaluation parametersResults and DiscussionSummaryRecommended device configurationDetermination of Sulfur in Methanol and Ethanol by Combustion Elemental Analysis with UV-Fluorescence Detection in Accordance with DIN EN 15486 and ASTM D5453IntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrumentationMethod parametersResults and DiscussionSummaryRecommended device configurationDetermination of Widely Varying Chlorine Contents in Glycerol and MCT Oil by Combustion Elemental Analysis with Coulometric TitrationIntroductionMaterials and MethodsSamples and reagentsSample preparationCalibrationInstrument settingsMethod parametersResults and DiscussionSummaryRecommended device configurationAnalysis of sulfur, chlorine, nitrogen, carbon, and trace metal impurities in sus- tainable, renewable fuel alternatives from development, production, and feed- stock risk assessment to compliance and emission control.

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