UBC researchers are looking to harness natural microbial processes to degrade lignin–the tough polymer in wood and plant biomass. Photo credit: Notneb82, Wikimedia Commons“Nature has already invented microbial processes to degrade lignin–the tough polymer in wood and plant biomass that currently stymies industrial bio-refining,” says UBC microbiologist Steven Hallam. “We needed to do the detective work, and develop the right toolkit, to isolate these processes in naturally occurring microbial communities from coal beds.”

Developed by Hallam and his team, the biosensor screens DNA from environmental samples to isolate the lignin-busting genetic machinery encoded in the samples’ resident microbes.

“We’ve found that bacteria harness adaptive genetic circuits to break down lignin and that these circuits can be mobilized in nature via horizontal gene transfer,” says Hallam. “Our biosensor and screening enables us to uncover this genetic network, and then further optimize it in the laboratory.”

The improved understanding of adaptive, eco-engineered lignin transformation could also lead to more tunable industrial processes.

“We need to remain sensitive to the complexity of natural processes that act on lignin, but this project has unearthed some basic organizing principles that will also enable us to exploit microbial processes more quickly for any number of engineering applications,” says UBC researcher Cameron Strachan. “It’s a biological search function for biologists interested in harnessing naturally assembled genetic machinery.”

The sensor, screening and adaptive genetic circuitry discovered with them have been licensed through the University Industry Liaison Office. A spin-off company, guided by the e@UBC program, is looking into ways to increase the scale of production of this technology.