Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, generating millions of copies for analysis in genetic testing, diagnostics, and research. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) goes a step further by quantifying DNA in real time, offering information for applications such as gene expression analysis and viral load monitoring.
While the fundamental technique seems straightforward in textbooks, achieving consistently high-quality PCR results requires more than just following a protocol. It demands efficiency, accuracy, and well-optimized workflows.
This article outlines four strategies lab managers can use to improve PCR workflows in their labs.
Strategy 1: Optimize reagent management
Expired reagents, empty stocks, and poor storage in PCR testing mean lost time and wasted resources. Take charge with precise, proactive reagent management.
Automated inventory systems track reagent usage, expiration dates, and storage conditions in real time. These systems can be integrated with laboratory information management systems , providing greater oversight and avoiding unnecessary delays or errors.
Just-in-time ordering also helps by preventing excessive stockpiling while ensuring that critical reagents are available when needed. This strategy also minimizes waste and helps lab managers to control costs. Regular audits and supplier agreements for priority delivery are additional strategies to improve reagent management and prevent disruptions in PCR workflows.
Strategy 2: Reduce contamination risks
PCR contamination commonly arises from aerosol generation that spreads amplicons (pieces of DNA or RNA that have been amplified). Moreover, direct contact with reagents, whether from ungloved hands, clothing particles, or hair, can introduce contaminants to PCR reagents. Beyond reagents, laboratory disposables and equipment can also be sources of contaminating DNA.
To mitigate these risks, it is essential to establish dedicated pre- and post-PCR workspaces with separate pipettes, racks, and consumables. Using high-quality filtered pipette tips or positive displacement pipettes helps minimize aerosol contamination.
Regularly cleaning work surfaces with DNA-degrading solutions and correctly disposing of contaminated plasticware further reduce contamination risks. Additionally, enforcing strict pipetting protocols and handling reagents with care (e.g., using dedicated aliquots, keeping tubes closed, and changing gloves regularly) ensures reliable, high-quality results.
Strategy 3: Leverage automation for efficiency
Automation transforms PCR workflows by improving processes, reducing human errors, and increasing throughput.
For example, automated liquid handling systems ensure precise reagent dispensing. High-throughput thermal cyclers with advanced temperature control optimize amplification conditions, reducing run times while enhancing consistency.
Data interpretation, often a bottleneck in the lab, also benefits from automation. Data analysis platforms integrated into PCR workflow can record cycle thresholds, flag abnormal amplification curves, and generate reports that reduce data analysis time.
Cloud-based solutions enable real-time result review, improving collaboration and reducing troubleshooting time. Instead of manually compiling and validating results, lab teams can focus on refining protocols, identifying trends in gene expression, and making data-driven decisions that enhance the efficiency and scientific accuracy of PCR tests.
Strategy 4: Ensure workflow standardization and staff training
Even the best PCR protocols can fail if lab personnel do not follow standardized procedures consistently.
Protocols should be documented and readily accessible to all staff. Quick-reference guides and checklists can reinforce adherence to best practices. Additionally, regular training sessions and competency assessments ensure that lab personnel remain proficient in PCR techniques. Finally, encouraging a culture of continuous learning through refresher courses and peer mentoring fosters consistency and reduces preventable errors.
Better PCR workflows, better lab performance
A better PCR workflow helps to build a reliable lab that runs with minimal disruptions. With the strategies outlined in this article, lab managers can ensure every PCR run is efficient and delivers results they can trust.
