image of lab worker working with a microtome instrument illustrating the importance of microtome safety

Microtome safety is paramount to protecting laboratory professionals and ensuring the accuracy of sample preparation.

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Microtome Safety: Best Practices for Laboratory Professionals

Working with microtomes, whether preparing or cutting a sample, is truly as much an art as it is science. 

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Working with microtomes—whether preparing or cutting samples—is an intricate process that requires skill, precision, and a strong commitment to safety. These sophisticated instruments are essential for producing high-quality histological sections but present various hazards, including sharp blades and potential exposure to biological and chemical agents. Proper training is non-negotiable; laboratory professionals must receive hands-on instruction from a qualified supervisor to ensure safe handling and operation. Incorporating safety protocols at every step protects not only the user’s fingers and hands but also reduces the risk of contamination and equipment damage. Below are key safety tips to help ensure smooth and secure microtome operations while maintaining the highest standards of laboratory safety.


Key Microtome Safety Tips

1. Handle Blades with Extreme Care
Microtome blades are incredibly sharp and pose a serious risk of injury. Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for installing and removing blades. Use a designated blade handling tool if provided to avoid direct contact.

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2. Be Cautious of Tungsten-Carbide Knives
Tungsten-carbide knives are not only sharp but also heavy. If dropped, they can easily cut through shoes. Always position your feet safely and securely when handling these blades.

3. Store Blades Properly
To prevent accidental injuries, store blades in a covered container with guides to hold them rigid. This ensures safe storage and minimizes the risk of unintended contact.

4. Avoid Leaving Blades on Countertops
Never leave blades unprotected on countertops. Reaching across a counter and accidentally coming into contact with an unprotected blade can result in severe lacerations. Always store blades securely when not in use.

5. Set Up the Microtome Correctly
Position the sample before installing the blade. This minimizes the risk of accidental cuts during setup and ensures the sample is securely clamped.

6. Tighten the Brake Properly
A loose brake increases the likelihood of accidents. Ensure the brake is tightly secured before beginning any cutting operation to prevent the hand from being drawn into the blade.

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7. Use the Blade Guard When Not in Use
When leaving the microtome, even for a short time, always place the blade guard over the blade. This simple step can prevent accidental contact and serious injuries.

8. Secure the Paraffin Sample
When preparing a paraffin sample, ensure it is tightly clamped. A loose sample increases the risk of slippage, which can result in cuts or improper slicing.

9. Use Forceps for Sample Retrieval
Instead of using your hands, use forceps to retrieve slices from the water bath or ribbons from the microtome. This keeps your hands safely away from the blade and moving parts.

10. Clean Blades Safely
To avoid compression or knife marks on samples, keep the blade clean. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for cleaning and use a high-density polystyrene rod to safely remove debris without risking hand injuries.

11. Handle Prion-Containing Samples with Care
Prions are not deactivated by standard microtome preparation steps. Wear gloves and use appropriate decontamination procedures when working with samples that may contain prions to avoid cross-contamination and exposure.


Additional Safety Considerations

  • Wear Appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Always wear gloves, lab coats, and eye protection to minimize exposure to biological hazards, solvents, and sharp blades. PPE is the first line of defense against accidental exposure and reduces the risk of contamination and injury.
  • Maintain a Clean Work Area: Regularly clean and disinfect the workspace to prevent cross-contamination between samples and ensure a safe working environment. A clean area reduces the likelihood of accidental exposure to hazardous materials and promotes the accuracy of results.
  • Receive Proper Training: Ensure all laboratory personnel operating the microtome receive thorough hands-on training. Proper training minimizes errors, reduces safety risks, and ensures efficient use of the equipment while following best practices.
  • Report Equipment Malfunctions: Immediately report any issues with the microtome, such as loose clamps or malfunctioning brakes. Prompt reporting and repair help maintain operational safety and prevent compromised samples or potential injuries.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What should I do if I accidentally drop a tungsten-carbide knife?
If a tungsten-carbide knife is dropped, carefully inspect the area for damage and ensure no one is injured. Always wear appropriate footwear and handle the blade with care to avoid further incidents.

2. How often should microtome blades be cleaned?
Microtome blades should be cleaned after each use to prevent debris buildup, which can affect slicing accuracy and increase the risk of injury. Use a high-density polystyrene rod for safe cleaning.

3. Are there special precautions for handling biological samples containing prions?
Yes, prion-containing samples require gloves and specific decontamination procedures, as standard preparation steps do not deactivate prions. Always follow laboratory protocols for handling such samples.


Conclusion: Prioritizing Safety in Microtome Operations

Microtome safety is paramount to protecting laboratory professionals and ensuring the accuracy of sample preparation. By following these safety tips—from careful blade handling and proper setup to wearing appropriate PPE and cleaning equipment—you can minimize risks and maintain a safe laboratory environment. Remember, prioritizing safety not only safeguards your health but also ensures the success of your research and laboratory operations.

About the Author

  • Trevor Henderson headshot

    Trevor Henderson, PhD

    Trevor Henderson BSc (HK), MSc, PhD (c), is the creative services director at Lab Manager.  He has more than two decades of experience in the fields of scientific and technical writing, editing, and creative content creation. With academic training in the areas of human biology, physical anthropology, and community health, he has a broad skill set of both laboratory and analytical skills. Since 2013, he has been working with LabX Media Group developing content solutions that engage and inform scientists and laboratorians. He can be reached at thenderson@labmanager.com.

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