Over the last 30 years European breeding birds have shifted their range by, on average, 2.4km per year, according to new research.
However, these changes were significantly different from expectations based on changing climate and landcover during that period.
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Based on climate alone, researchers predicted that the average range shifts by species should have been around 50 percent faster.
The study used survey data collected as part of two Europe-wide bird distribution atlases, published 30 years apart.
The researchers found that local colonization and extinction events across species ranges were only weakly influenced by the change in climate between the two survey periods.
Instead, they were more influenced by the climatic conditions at the time of the first surveys.
Importance of local network of European birds
One of the key determinants of whether a new area was colonized, or whether a population went extinct was the extent to which the area had other populations of a species close by, which facilitated colonizations and minimized extinctions, presumably by the dispersal of birds from neighboring areas.
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This finding highlights the importance of maintaining networks of local populations to limit extinctions and to make populations more robust to the effects of climate change.
The research was funded in part by the National Environment Research Council, part of UK Research and Innovation.
-Note: This release was originally published on the Durham University website and has been edited for style.
