Freeze drying, or lyophilizing, is an ideal method for evaporating or drying a heat sensitive sample, but it can be difficult to determine when the freeze drying process has reached complete dryness, or “end point.”

Dwight Stoll is an associate professor in the Chemistry Department at Gustavus Adolphus College in St. Peter, Minnesota

Wolfgang Peti, PhD, professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Arizona, talks to contributing editor Tanuja Koppal, PhD, about the recent developments in chromatography techniques.

Paul Burridge, PhD, and Chengzu Long, PhD, discuss best practices when setting up a new lab for iPSC work, and more

Vials are small containers composed of glass or plastic used to hold your sample.

Trends with chromatography data systems in regulated environments are focused around data integrity.

Jeremy Goecks, PhD, and Tommy Dang, PhD, talk about the key challenges in data visualization.

J. Christopher Love, PhD, associate professor in chemical engineering at MIT, and Maroof Adil, PhD, postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, talk to contributing editor Tanuja Koppal, PhD, about advances in single-cell sequencing.

David S. Hage, PhD, is the James Hewett University Professor of Chemistry at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Mrs. Patricia Granados is the research instrument technician at the Centre for Environmental Analysis and Remediation (CEAR) at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada