The goal of pipetting is to ensure maximum accuracy and repeatability when transferring fluids. A high-quality pipette in the hand of an untrained operator is an unreliable instrument. Beyond user skill and consistency, ergonomic design, autoclavability.
A variety of cell line characterization methods have been useful in the detection of cross-contamination and/or misidentification of cell lines. These include karyotyping, isoenzyme analysis, DNA properties, viral susceptibility, and specific antigenicity.