Professor Robert Henry, University of Queensland (article image)

University of Queensland

Rice Discovery Could Help Address Global Food Security

Scientists studied more than 3,000 rice genotypes and found diversity was inherited through two maternal genomes identified in all rice varieties

| 2 min read
Register for free to listen to this article
Listen with Speechify
0:00
2:00
Professor Robert Henry collects wild rice samples in northern Australia.
(c) The University of Queensland

Researchers investigating the heritage of thousands of rice varieties have identified just two distinct maternal lineages, a discovery which could help address the issue of global food security.

University of Queensland (UQ) scientists studied more than 3,000 rice genotypes and found diversity was inherited through two maternal genomes identified in all rice varieties.

Want to stay up to date on the latest lab management news?

Subscribe to our free Lab Manager Monitor Newsletter.

Is the form not loading? If you use an ad blocker or browser privacy features, try turning them off and refresh the page.

Lead researcher and UQ professor Robert Henry said the finding was important in understanding how rice adapted to its environment.

"We think there were two separate domestications of virgin wild plants that diverged around a million years ago in the wild, and then in the last 7,000 thousand years human domestication of rice has occurred," Henry said.

The two domesticated varieties interbred with the local wild rices throughout Asia.

"The wild rice has pollinated the domesticated rices planted nearby and the seed of the domesticated variety has then incorporated the genetics of the local wild varieties," he said. "The maternal lineage is preserved via the seed, and we've identified that because rice farmers have and still continue to collect the seed from the field, the local varieties become very much like the local wild rices."

Henry said the finding had implications for domestication of rice and breeding for adaptation to climate change to address food security.

"It gives us clues as to how we might try to capture more of the diversity in the wild and bring it into the domesticated gene pool to improve rice crops," he said.

"It also points to the need to understand the significance of the maternal genotype in terms of performance of rice because we did not previously understand there are two very distinct maternal functional types."

Rice is the staple food of more than half of the world's population and is the third-largest worldwide agricultural crop, with more than 630 million tonnes (about 694 US tons) produced annually.

"Now we've got an ongoing collaboration with mathematicians to try and find a way of analyzing the rice data in more detail, we want to look at relationships between lots of different subgroups," Henry said. "This would include examining how the Basmatis and the Japonicas really relate and the various types of Indica rices."

- This press release was originally published on the UQ website

Loading Next Article...
Loading Next Article...

CURRENT ISSUE - January/February 2025

Energizing Leadership in Action

The science-backed behaviors that help leaders inspire thriving teams and organizations

Lab Manager January/February 2025 Cover Image