Laboratory workers will immediately recognize the two basic types of balances: analytical balances and top-loaders.

Today, PCR is used routinely in dozens of approved medical tests in diagnostic labs and physician offices, and by millions of scientists worldwide.

Mills and grinders are used to prepare samples (of minerals, plants, food, drugs, pigments, and forensic materials, for example) through particle size reduction (comminution).

A mainstay of environmental and quality control chemistry, total organic carbon (TOC) analysis measures the carbon content of dissolved and particulate organic materials in water.

Titration is a common laboratory operation for quantifying chemicals or reagents, usually in aqueous solution.

Glove boxes differ from other safety enclosures in two significant respects: users can introduce articles into glove boxes and manipulate them inside through ports fitted with gloves, and glove boxes typically use a specialized atmosphere.

Filtration is the mechanical separation, based on particle size, of materials from fluids by using a porous membrane.

Gas chromatography (GC) dates back to the first experiments of Mikhail Tsvet separating plant pigments using paper chromatography in 1903

This guide will take a look at the evolution of three main areas of microplate technology–instrumentation, applications and the plates themselves.

Microtiter plates have become common labware in life science and medicine. Automated systems employing microplates in biological and chemical assays may consist of liquid dispensers, plate washers, mixers, readers, sealers, labelers, shakers, incubators and storage.

The principal application of shakers is for growing yeast, bacteria, or mammalian cells in specialized containers known as shaker bottles.

Liquid handlers are sold in a variety of fluid-dispensing configurations, from single-channel through eight (one row of a 96-well microtiter plate), 96, and 384 channels.