The determination of mercury has become a routine test in many analytical laboratories.

Understanding the viscosity is a crucial aspect of manufacturing operations in many industries worldwide. In order to fulfill customer demands of product consistency and quality, viscosity measurement becomes even more important.

The popularity of mass spectrometers (MS) in the food, clinical research and pharmaceutical markets has pushed labs to seek ways to improve the speed of their liquid chromatography (LC), thus increasing the throughput of their MS.

Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a widely used technique that detects the presence of different chemical bonds through the analysis of optical absorption in the wavelength range 700 to 2500 nm.

Particle size measurement has become a critical application for chemicals, foods, paints, cosmetics, coatings, materials, and many other industries. Particle size, shape, density, and distribution affect the physical properties and chemical behavior

Optics lie at the heart of microscopy, and advances in optics design continue to push the limits of resolution. For instance, the use of motorized microscopes and laser light sources now help in defining the plane of focus.

In recent years there has been a growing trend to work with live cells, for instance, in high-throughput screening for drug discovery, for stem cell research or for such applications as in vitro fertilization.

Currently nanoparticles are measured by most particle size analyzers using scattered light; however in some cases this presents many physical restrictions and also requires the input of the refractive index as a measurement condition.

The majority of the zetameters are based on the electrophoresis measuring principle where the zeta potential for a colloidal system is analyzed by measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of the particles.

Design for atmospheric pressure ionization sources came of age in the late 1980s to provide a powerful analytical tool—the mass spectrometer —the ability to characterize analytes amenable to liquid chromatography as gas-phase ions removed from the liquid. The motivating force behind such invention has always been the need to answer questions better and faster with tools that provide greater utility.