Lab water, purified by any of a number of means, is a vital resource in most laboratories. Purified lab water ranges from Type I, which is suitable for analytical tests requiring minimal interference and maximum precision and accuracy, through Type II for analytical tests in which the presence of bacteria can be tolerated, to Type III, which is suitable for general washing and for use as feedwater for producing higher grade water, as well as bacteriological media preparation.

Rotary evaporators have been around for quite some time now, having been developed over 50 years ago to deal with problems faced with standard chemical distillation devices.

Thermal analysis, or calorimetry, correlates temperature-dependent events to physical characteristics of a sample, such as mass, structure, strength, brittleness, elongation, decomposition, evolved gases, oxidation, reduction, or physicochemical structure.

Lab refrigerators and freezers must be versatile enough to serve diverse markets because a great deal of feature overlap exists within the lab refrigeration market. Yet significant differentiation exists as well.